01 equivalent energy principle

　　According to the blasting object, conditions and control requirements, it is preferred to control the explosion parameters, that is, to select the optimal aperture, hole depth, number of holes, hole distance, row spacing and explosive unit consumption, etc., using appropriate charging structure, detonation method and explosive The variety, in order to achieve the blast energy generated by each blasthole is equal to the minimum energy required to break the medium around the hole. That is to say, the medium is only produced with a certain width of crack or loosely broken in place, without the residual energy that causes harm, which is the principle of equal energy.

　　02 differential principle energy deconcentrating principle

　　The differential principle of controlled blasting is to decentralize and quantify the total charge required for exploding a certain target, so it is also called the principle of decentralization and trace. In other words, it is to “quantify the total charge” into the scattered blastholes, and to explode in multiple stages through batch delay, which not only meets the requirements of blasting quality, but also significantly reduces the blasting hazard. the goal of.

　　03 destability principle

　　On the basis of careful analysis and study of the stress state, load distribution and actual bearing capacity of buildings or structures, control blasting is used to blast some key components of the load-bearing structure, so that it loses its bearing capacity and at the same time destroys the stiffness of the structure. The principle that the building or structure collapses or directionalally collapses under the action of its own weight in the case of overall loss of stability. This principle is called the principle of instability.

　　04 buffer principle

　　On the basis of the blasting energy and charge structure which are suitable for controlling blasting, the impact of the peak pressure of the blasting stress wave on the medium is weakened, so that the blasting energy is reasonably distributed and utilized, which is called the buffer principle.

　　05 protection principle

　　On the basis of researching and analyzing the basic laws of controlled blasting theory and blasting hazard, by using effective technical measures, the blasting hazard that has been controlled is further protected, which is called the protection principle.

　　06 demolition blasting technology design technical design of demolition blasting

　　Technical design is the core part of the demolition blasting, which is based on the principles proposed by the blasting scheme. The contents include: engineering overview, program selection, selection of blasting parameters, charge, blasting network design, safety distance calculation, accident prevention and treatment technology, blasting design drawings.

　　07 demolition blasting construction design working design of demolition blasting

　　Construction design mainly includes construction methods, organization management, construction safety and so on.

　　08 shear breaking formula area and volume formula; shear crush formula

　　The formula states that the energy consumption of explosives in a demolition blast should consist of two parts: the energy of the rheological or plastic deformation of the inner layer of the medium and the energy consumed by the fracture medium. The formula established according to this is called the shear breaking formula.

　　09 Empirical formula considering the fragmentation degree

　　For the concrete test block without blasting, it is destroyed in the form of radial explosion cracks. At this time, the relationship between the number of slits IV and the unit consumption q is:

N = KNq2/3

　　Where N is the number of slits;

　　KN - a factor related to the performance of the explosive and the critical breaking speed of the material;

　　q——Unit explosive consumption.

　　10 height of breaking; destruction height

　　In order to make the building unstable and collapse, the explosion damage height of the building carrier

　　11 minimum destruction height minimum destroying height

　　In order to make the frame unstable, it is necessary to first break the concrete of a certain height of the column and break it away from the steel frame. When the static pressure load on the top of the skeleton exceeds its ultimate compressive strength or reaches the critical load of instability, the column collapses and collapses. The column failure height that satisfies the above conditions is called the minimum damage height hmin. The load-bearing column damage height h is greater than the minimum damage height.

　　12 Demolition blasting design content design content of demolition blasting

　　The blasting design can be divided into three stages: feasibility study, technical design and construction drawing design. Class A demolition blasting should be carried out in strict accordance with the above three stages. B and c demolition blasting can combine feasibility study and technical design once.

　　13 demolition blasting design review of demolition blasting

　　The demolition blasting design of Grade A, Grade B and Grade C shall be subject to the approval of the relevant departments and shall not be commenced without approval.

　　14 single hole pattern arrangement form hole pattern of building infrastructure blasting demolition

　　The arrangement of the blastholes is specifically determined according to the shape, position and structural characteristics of the blasting body. Vertical holes or horizontal holes are generally used (vertical holes should be considered first).

　　Factors affecting the amount of charge; factors determining charge;

　　There are many factors affecting the amount of charge, including: 1) the performance of explosives; 2) the nature of the material being exploded; 3) the blasting conditions; 4) the type of blasting and the requirements for blasting.